Pakistan Historian

February 16, 2009

The Kashmiri article of Accession was forged: It is now lost, was never submitted to the UN or Pakistan, wasn’t “signed” and may never have existed

Filed under: British Raj,History of Pakistan — The Editors @ 6:20 pm
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پاکستاان لیجر | PAKISTAN LEDGER | پاکستاني کھاتا  | November 30th, 2008 | Moin Ansari |  معین آنصآرّی |   

 

The areas that were due to the Muslims in 1947Continent of Dinia and dependencies Large Ch. Rehmat Ali map

“Incomplete Partition”:- Alastair Lamb-Kashmiri article of Accession is now lost, was never “signed”, has wrong dates on it, defies geographic logic on how people can be at two places at the same time, and in all actuality may never have existed. The AOA was never submitted to the UN or to Pakistan. The copies posted on the net are forgeries have corrected crossed out dates on them and have the same errors as pointed out by Alistar Lamb

 The article of Accession is now lost, was never signed properly and may never have existedThe article of Accession is now lost, was never signed and may never have existedNorthern Areas

 “the document of accession does not exist.” Alastair Lamb

Kashmir is part of Pakistan

Stanley Wolpert also says the same. The so called Article of Accession was never submitted to the UN or to Pakistan. India now claims that the original is lost. 

NORTHERN AREAS WERE INDEPENDENT AND NEVER PART OF KASHMIR.Forged copies have recently emerged. They are posted on the internet and show many anomolies highlighted by Stanley Wolpert and Alister Lamb and many other authors. Problems with the Article of Accession:

1) There is a discrepancy of dates on two counts. Overwriting and when it was signed.

2) Apparently the original article was typed up in August. August is cross-out and October written by hand on the article. This is highly unusual for a legal document, specially a document that decided the fate of millions of Kashmiris. Experts agree that this document is a forgery.

3) The dates lised on the article create a problem for independent analysts. The location of the people, the arrival of India forces in Srinagar and the date that Mountabatten signed the document are all circumscept.

4) Wolpert writes that Menon returned from Srinagar on 26 October ‘with no Instrument of Accession’ to report on the perilous condition in Kashmir to the Defence Committee

5) Only after Mountbatten had allowed the airlift of Indian troops on 27 October, did Menon and Mahajan set out for Jammu ‘to get the Instrument of Accession’

6) The Maharaja signed the Instrument after the Indian troops had assumed control of the state of Jammu and Kashmir’s summer capital, Srinagar.

7) American scholar Stanley Wolpert relates the accession story in his 1996 book, Nehru: A tryst with Destiny, basing it on the lack of concordance between versions of the accession

8)  ”the document of accession does not exist.” Alister Lamb

Before we read what Wolpert and Lamb say in thier books, we have to look at the maps to understand the region and the areas. The maps tell us a good story.

Map shows Pakistan, Azad Kashmir and Indian Occupied territoryThe map of Northern Areas and Kashmir

Norhtern AreasThe map of Northern Areas with an Arrow pointing towards the Northern Areas. Occupied Kashmir is not shown and is blackened out. Azad Kashmir as yellow, is shown as part of Pakistan

This is a bad mapWatch out for bad Pakistani maps

Thiis is a map for Kashmir//www.moinansari.wordpress.comwhich is Pakistani territory.

Occupied KashmirThis is a correct map of Kashmir. Pakistan considers Askai Chin as Chinese territory

This is a map of Azad Kashmir//www.moinansari.wordpress.com

This is a map of Occupied KashmirOccupied KashmirOccupied Kashmir

Occupied Jammu and Kashmir is a Muslim majority areaThe research on Gurdaspur and Ferozepur with special emphasis on the unfairness of the Radcliff commission would be fascinating. There is a charge that Lord Radcliff was given a bribe of 6 corore rupees by the Indian National Congress supporters to unfairly/“illegally” award  Ferozepur and Gurdaspur to India. Ferozepur was the only arsenal that was supposed to be given to Pakistan.These maps show various areas under the control of more than 570 states in the Subcontinent 

The article of Accession is now lost, was never signed and may never have existedThe article of Accession is now lost, was never signed and may never have existedThe article of Accession is now lost, was never signed and may never have existedMaps showing the hundreds of states in the Subcontinent and the changing geography.

The article of Accession is now lost, was never signed and may never have existedMuslim majority areas of the Subcontinent.


Gurdaspur was a Muslim majority area and was awarded to India. The boundary line was along the river and Radcliff unnaturally digressed it away from the river to give away Gurdaspur (the only link of India to Kashmir) to India. The implication of the loss of Ferozepur to India was not only traumatic in human terms, but it was devastating to Pakistan in military terms.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The article of Accession is now lost, was never signed and may never have existedThis map shows Ch. rehmat Ali’s original plan for Pakistan

 This map shows the location of Junagarh & ManvadarThe article of Accession is now lost, was never signed and may never have existed

This is the correct map of PakistanThe article of Accession is now lost, was never signed and may never have existed

The reality behind the conspiracy to award  Gurdaspur became evident a year later when Indian troops arrived in Srinagar and then Hari Sing signed over the article of accession to India. The article of accession was never presented to the UN, and according to Alister Lamb has serious discrepancies about dates. The original article of accession has since been lost, if it ever existed. 

“Alastair Lamb, Incomplete Partition (OUP, 1998) comes to the conclusion that the instrument of accession was not signed on the date claimed by the Indian government to legitimise its sending of troops into Kashmir. American scholar Stanley Wolpert relates the accession story in his 1996 book, Nehru: A tryst with Destiny, basing it on the lack of concordance between versions of the accession. Wolpert writes that Menon returned from Srinagar on 26 October ‘with no Instrument of Accession’ to report on the perilous condition in Kashmir to the Defence Committee. Only after Mountbatten had allowed the airlift of Indian troops on 27 October, did Menon and Mahajan set out for Jammu ‘to get the Instrument of Accession’. The Maharaja signed the Instrument after the Indian troops had assumed control of the state of Jammu and Kashmir’s summer capital, Srinagar. If Wolpert’s version is accepted then the ‘conspiracy’ of legalising the airlift becomes acceptable. Lamb thinks that it is possible that ‘certainly Menon, perhaps Mountbatten, perhaps Nehru and perhaps Patel’ were involved in this conspiracy. Lamb also claims that the document of accession does not exist.”

 

 

According to Alister Lamb a noted historian of Kashmir, the actions of India have cast several doubts on the article of accession. The events as noted by several Indian historians do not make sense. Recently both the timing of the event as well as the intentions of the Indian National Congress have come under close scrutiny. India’s claim to accession is in dispute. The U.N. recognized the dispute, and treats Kashmir as disputed territory between India and Pakistan.

Occupied KashmirNorhtern AreasAccording to Alister Lamb, the Northern Areas rose up in revolt against the Dogra rule before the annexation that supposedly was signed between the Dogras and India. This makes them independent of the rest of Kashmir and the accession document does not apply to them. The article of accession was never given to Pakistan or the United Nations. India now claims that the “article of accession” is lost if it ever existed. There are several errors in the published version of the article of accession. The dates do not match and show that the Indian forces had moved into Srinagar before the article had been “signed”.

This is map of Indian Occupied KashmirToday all Kashmiris and Pakistanis pledge to become one. There is a general strike today, and seminars held to remind people aboutOccupied KashmirOccupied Kashmir

Here is an excerpt from Alastair Lamb’s book Kashmir… A Disputed Legacy. (Capitalization emphasis is mine)

MAHAJAN’S NARRATIVE ALSO CONTAINS THE FASCINATING SUGGESTION THAT THE FIRST INDIAN TROOPS WERE LANDING AT SRINAGAR AIRFIELD BEFORE THE PROCESS OF ACCESSION HAD BEEN COMPLETED.

 

If so, then the intervention of the Indian Army in the Kashmir dispute could well be another of those episodes, of which Pearl Harbour is the supreme example, where the military course of events resulted in the opening act of war taking place before the politicians and diplomats were able to organize its formal legitimisation.

 

Even more intriguing, in this context, is the fact that Indian troops arriving at Srinagar airport on 27 Oct. 1947 found other Indian troops, in the shape of Patiala men, already established there and elsewhere in the State.

The Patiala forces had arrived, it seems, on about 17 Oct. 1947, that is to say  before  the tribal crossing of the bridge at Domel on 22 Oct.

These two questions, the timing of the precise moment of accession and the date of the arrival of the Patiala men, have for some reason not been touched upon by the Pakistani side in the Kashmir debate over all these years; and, not surprisingly, the Indian side has not gone out of its way to draw attention to the matter.

The chronology and interpretation of the events leading up to accession which have been set out in Chapter 7 above lead to a number of conclusions which certainly differ from the received opinion, at least as interpreted by Indian diplomats. We will confine ourselves here to two issues, the status of Azad Kashmir and the question of who were the “aggressors” in those crucial days from 21 to 27 Oct. 1947.

On 15 Aug. 1947 the State of Jammu and Kashmir became to all intents and purposes an independent state.

There is no other possible interpretation of the lapse of Paramountcy. On 24 Oct. 1947 the independence of the State of Azad Kashmir was declared, relating to the territory mainly in the old Poonch jagir  in which the control of the Maharaja, apart from Poonch city itself, had completely disappeared. Azad Kashmir’s first president, Sardar Mohammed Ibrahim Khan, as an elected member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly for a constituency in Poonch, could certainly be said to enjoy some measure of popular mandate, as least as much as the later claimed for Sheikh Abdullah.

On 26 or 27 Oct. 1947 the Maharaja formally acceded to India. Did he bring, even in theory, Azad Kashmir with him? This is certainly an interesting question which ought to occupy the minds of international lawyers.

 

 NORTHERN AREAS WERE INDEPENDENT AND NEVER PART OF KASHMIR.NORTHERN AREAS WERE INDEPENDENT AND NEVER PART OF KASHMIR.

Gilgit: The fourth distinct in the region is Gilgit which is known as Dardistan. The region includes the tributory states of Hunza, Nagar, Chilas, Punial, Ishkuman, Kuh and Ghizar. The people belong to the Dardic race and are closely connected with Chitralis in race, culture and language. They are mostly followers of Ismaili sect headed by the Agha Khan (Muslims). This region was conquered by Maharaja Gulab Singh’s son, Maharaja Ranbir Singh between 1846 and 1860. Thousands of Dogra soldiers lost their lives in the campaigns that led to the conquest of this inhospitable but strategically very important region. The whole Dardistan including Gilgit has been merged with Pakistan and is governed by the Pakistani Central Government. This area has not been included even in the so called “Azad-Kashmir” (literally means Free/Liberated Kashmir. That is what the Pakistanis call the portion of Kashmirunder their occupation).  

Pakistani sites, please post this artilcle, improve on it and forward to allNorthern Areas:Pakistani President General Zia-ul-Haq had declared that these territories which includes the Silk Route that connects Pakistan to China, might have once been part of Jammu and Kashmir, but now they are a part of Pakistan. The Northern areas, which include Dardistan and Baltistan, have already been integrated fully with Pakistan. In a quiet behind the scene announcement the Pakistani Ministry of Kashmiri Affairs and Northern Areas has divided these areas into five civil districts - Gilgit, Skardu, Chilas, Gohkoch and Khalpo. The administration of these districts is under Pakistan’s direct control and now Pakistan’s laws are applicable.

 

 

 

 

 

- Alastair Lamb-Kashmiri article of Accession is now lost, was never “signed” and may never have existed 

The article of Accession is now lost, was never signed and may never have existedCurrent India

… India unambiguously regards itself as the dominant power in the region. It has waged war with China, three wars with Pakistan, occupied the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir, annexed the Portuguese enclave of Goa, seized the princely Muslim state of Junagadh, annexed the Himalayan state of Sikkim, exerts political control over Nepal and Bhutan, intervened militarily in Pakistan’s civil war which established Bangladesh, intervenes in the Tamil-Sinhalese violence in Sri Lanka, continues to conflict with Pakistan over the boundary of the Siachen glacier and is adamant in its refusal to implement a series of United Nations resolutions starting in 1948 calling for a plebiscite in Kashmir. In view of these well-defined instances of hegemonic impulse there can be little wonder about Pakistan’s concern that its security technology should match India’s. In his autobiography, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, analyzed the strategy of the United States to bring India and Pakistan together as a buffer against China. He deftly characterized the Pakistani view of India, “The idea of becoming subservient to India is abhorrent and that of cooperation with India, with the object of promoting tension with China, equally repugnant.” Ralph Braibanti

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